欧式雕塑的发展史

自旧石器时代晚期至欧洲文艺复兴时期，在这段时期中出现了以埃及雕塑、希腊雕刻、罗马雕刻、中世纪雕刻和文艺复兴时期雕刻为代表的外国著名雕刻艺术。欧式雕塑至今已有几千年的历史，各个国家和地区、各个民族、各个时代的作品极其丰富、题材内容广泛、形式风格多种多样。

From the late Paleolithic age to the European Renaissance, there appeared some famous foreign sculpture art, such as Egyptian sculpture, Greek sculpture, Roman sculpture, medieval sculpture and Renaissance sculpture. Western sculpture has a history of thousands of years. The works of various countries, regions, nationalities and times are extremely rich, with a wide range of subjects and styles.

中正铜雕：古希腊欧式人物雕塑、天使女神欧式雕塑、自由女神欧式雕塑

这些亚非欧三大洲主要文明古国的优秀作品，一直是世界文化艺术遗产的魂宝。西方最早的雕塑是在人类为劳动和生活需要创造生产力极低的劳动工具--石器工具的同时创造的雕塑艺术《维伦多夫的维纳斯》。作品产生于2.5万年前，这类雕塑体积小，供原始人随身携带，它们看来像是原始部落神圣的生育神，曾在欧洲流传了很长的时期。

These excellent works of the major ancient civilizations in Asia, Africa and Europe have always been the soul of the world cultural and artistic heritage. The earliest sculpture in the west is the sculpture art Venus of villendorff, which was created at the same time that human beings created a very low productivity tool stone tools for labor and life. The works were created 25000 years ago. These sculptures are small and can be carried by primitive people. They look like the sacred fertility gods of primitive tribes. They have been handed down in Europe for a long time.

新石器时代开始后，人类被迫放弃狩猎成为牧人、农民，各种手工艺术得到了充分发展。此后，在墨西哥湾地区出现了古典前期文化即奥尔麦克文化，为满足宗教需要，雕刻家们雕刻了许多巨大的石雕头像。

Since the beginning of the Neolithic age, human beings have been forced to give up hunting and become herdsmen and farmers, and all kinds of handicrafts have been fully developed. Since then, in the Gulf of Mexico, there has been a pre classical culture, namely Olmec culture. In order to meet the religious needs, sculptors have carved many huge stone heads.

而古代埃及雕刻家也开始了他们的创作，并且做出了巨大的贡献。 作为人类文明重要发祥地之一的古埃及，在雕塑艺术上曾结出了丰硕的果实。随着社会生产力的发展与原始公社的瓦解，世界上先后出现了最早的奴隶制国家，古埃及就是其中之一。在公元前4000年左右，古埃及王国建立，实行奴隶主专制统治，国王法老掌握军政大权。埃及的雕塑艺术大约始于公元前4000年，建筑业的诞生，孕育了艺术装饰的萌芽。

And ancient Egyptian sculptors also began their creation, and made great contributions. As one of the important birthplaces of human civilization, ancient Egypt has produced rich fruits in sculpture art. With the development of social productive forces and the collapse of primitive communes, the earliest slavery countries appeared in the world, and ancient Egypt was one of them. Around 4000 B.C., the kingdom of ancient Egypt was established, under the autocratic rule of slave owners, and the king and the Pharaoh were in charge of military and political power. Egypt's sculpture art began about 4000 BC, the birth of the construction industry, gave birth to the germination of art decoration.